Introduction:-
Prostate may be a glandular organ present only in males. It surrounds the neck of bladder & the primary half of urethra and condributes a secretion to the semen. The gland is conical in shape and measures three cm in vertical diameter and four cm in transverse diameter.It's got 5 lobes anterior,posterior,two lateral and a median lobe.Since the first part of the urethra tolerate it any lesion in the prostate can manufacture issue in passing urine.
Diseases of the prostate gland:-
1) Prostatitis:-
This can be the inflamation of the prostate gland because of bacterial infection.
a pair of) Benign enlargement of the prostate:-
This is a non cancerous tumour of the prostate seen when the age of 50. three,Cancer of the prostate:-This can be the 4th most typical explanation for death from malignant diseases in males.
Cancer of the prostate.
Cancer of the prostate is directly linked with the male sex hormones(androgens).If the amount of sex hormone increases the growth rate of cancer conjointly increases.It is found that when the removel of testes there's marked reduction in the size of tumour.
Site of tumour:-
Prostate cancer is seen mainly in the posterior lobe.Non cancerous enlargement is seen in different lobes.
Changes within the gland in cancer:-
The gland becomes onerous with irregular surface with loss of traditional lobulation .Histologically prostate cancer is an adeno carcinoma(cancer of the epithelial cells within the gland)
Growth :-
Growth rate is terribly fast in prostate cancer .The tumour compresses the urethra and produce problem in urination.
Spread of tumour:-
Metastasis in cancer of prostate is terribly early.
one) Local spread:-
From the posterior lobe the cancer cells head to the lateral lobes and seminal vesicles.Tumour cells conjointly move to the neck and base of the urinary bladder.
2) Lymphatic spread:-
Through the lymph vessels cancer cells reach the interior and external illiac cluster of lymph nodes.From there cells move to retroperitonial(Behind the peritonium) and mediastinal lymph nodes(in the chest)
three) Unfold through the blood:-
Spread of cancer cells takeplace through the periprostatic venous plexus and reaches the vertebral veins while coughing and sneezing and finally enders the vertebral bodies of the lumbar vertebrae.
Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer:--
Signs and symptoms depend upon the stage of the cancer. The subsequent symptoms might be seen.
one) No symptoms:-
Tumour is small and solely in the posterior lobe. This can be diagnosed accidentely.
two) Slight issue in urination:-
Here the tumour is enlarged and urethra is slightly compressed.Shortly there can be frequent urge for urination with tough urination.
three) When the tumour spread to any or all nearby areas including neck of bladder and urethra there will be painful urination with bleeding.Urine comes drop by drop.
4) Retention of urine:-
When the urethra is totally compressed there will be retention of urine.This could result in hydronephrosis, renal failure ect.In this condition patient may get convulsions due to renal failure and at last coma.
5) Signs of metastasis:-
Some patients come back with the signs and symptoms of metastasis.
a) Lumbo sacral pain due to spread of cancer cells to lumbar and sacral vertebrae.
b) Fracture of spine thanks to cancerous growth within the spine.
c) Swelling, pain and fluid assortment within the abdomen because of lesion within the abdomen.
d) Respiratory complaints due to cancer of mediastinal lymphnodes and lungs.
e) General weakness due to spread of cancer to different parts of the body.
f) Anaemia due to involment of bone marrow and increased destruction of RBCs.
Clinical examination :-
Includes per rectal examination to feel the prostate gland,palpation of abdomen to feel the swelling in kidneys and any tumours.Patient is examined from head to foot to find out any lesions.
Investigations:-
one) Complete blood investigations;-
RBC,WBC,Platlets,ESR,bleeding time ,clotting time ect.
two) Urine analysis:-
Microscopic examination to detect pus cells,occult blood,casts,Crystals ect.
3) Renal operate tests:-
Blood urea level,serum creatinine level,electrolyte level ect.
4) Serum acid phosphatase:-
Increased in cancer of prostate.
five) x-ray of the spine:-
To detect any tumour or fracture.
half-dozen) Ultra sonography;-
Provides idea concerning prostate,bladder,kidney ect.
seven) C T scan:-
More detailed info about organs and tumour.
eight) MRI of the spine:-
Provides detailed information concerning spine ,disc and nearby soft tissues.
nine) Lymphangiography:-
Gives plan concerning lymphatic unfold of cancer.
ten) Biopsy to verify cancer:-
Biopsy is taken from the tumour and is send for histopathological examination below the microscope.This will detect the presence of cancer cells.
Treatment:-
1) If there is retention of urine catheterisation is needed.
a pair of) Dialysis if kidney failure.
3) If there's coma monitoring of all vital functions together with parentral nutrition and electolyte supply.
four) Specific treatment is prostatectomy(removal of prostate)
Partial prostatectomy :-
Here only the affected lobe is removed.
Radical prostatectomy :-
Total removal of prostate together with nearby lymphnodes.
5, Hormone therapy :-
Stilbestrol is given to scale back tumour growth.Since this treatement increases the possibility for cardiovascular disease phosphorylated diethyle stilbesterol is employed nowadays.
6) Chemotherapy:-Drugs like cyclophosphamide, cisoplatim ect are given.
7) Radiotherapy is also done for some cases.
Homoeopathy:-
Homoeopathic medication like carcinocin, conium, sabal, crotalus, thuja, iodum, selinium, staphysagria, sulphur ect can be given in line with symptoms.Constitutional homoeopathic medicine will offer nice relief and can increase the life span.
9) Yoga and meditation is additionally healpful.
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